{"id":8206,"date":"2019-07-30T10:53:21","date_gmt":"2019-07-30T08:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/la-technologie\/"},"modified":"2025-07-28T14:38:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T12:38:05","slug":"the-technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/en\/the-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrasonic Transducers and the Piezoelectric Effect: The Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"[mk_page_section bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; min_height=&#8221;50&#8243; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][mk_padding_divider size=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753704055015{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #000000;\">The performance of ultrasonic equipment\u2014thanks to advancements in electronics, design tools, and a better understanding of materials\u2014offers new possibilities for <strong>the use of ultrasound in industry<\/strong>.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][mk_page_section padding_top=&#8221;00&#8243; section_id=&#8221;effetpiezo&#8221; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753704283013{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The Piezoelectric Effect: Definition and Origin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Although a number of principles can be used to generate ultrasound, <strong>transducers<\/strong> mainly use the <strong>piezoelectric effect<\/strong> to convert electrical energy into mechanical movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In 1880 <strong>Pierre and Jacques Curie<\/strong>\u00a0demonstrated the <strong>piezoelectric effect<\/strong> on a quartz sample, which becomes electrically charged when subjected to compressive stress. Conversely, when electrical voltage is applied to the quartz it causes a deformation in the crystal.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][mk_page_section section_id=&#8221;transducteurs&#8221; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753705584669{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Piezoelectric Transducer: What are ultrasonic transducers?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ultrasound is produced by <strong>piezoelectric\u00a0transducers<\/strong>. These transducers enable <strong>electrical energy to be converted into mechanical energy<\/strong> and vice versa. It&#8217;s best to specialize <strong>ultrasonic transducers<\/strong> according to their application:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For emission: the properties sought are output and the capacity to emit a strong signal,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">for receiving: the sensitivity and signal\/sound relationship are the characteristics which determine the performance of the <strong>piezoelectrical transducer<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Transducers<\/strong> can also be used for both emission and reception, particularly in measurement systems or testing technologies. In such cases, the transducer must balance the criteria described above.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are many types of ultrasonic transducers available to meet the needs of most applications, across the ultrasonic frequency range starting at 16 kHz (as explained on the page about ultrasound principles). They can be classified by their use and\/or frequency range. Two complementary technologies are implemented: one for low frequencies and one for high frequencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12052 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/transducteur-piezoelectrique-ultrason.jpg\" alt=\"transducteur pi\u00e9zo\u00e9lectrique ultrason\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/transducteur-piezoelectrique-ultrason-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/transducteur-piezoelectrique-ultrason-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Use of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers at Low Frequencies<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Low-frequency <strong>ultrasonic transducers<\/strong> are made by <strong>stacking piezoelectric ceramics<\/strong> between two metal parts that provide mechanical compression (<strong>Langevin-type transducer<\/strong>), or from a disc that utilizes the <strong>Poisson effect<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <strong>power transducer<\/strong> is typically paired with two components to optimize energy transfer into the medium:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <strong>sonotrode<\/strong>, which transmits mechanical vibration to the medium. Its geometry is crucial for adapting the vibration amplitude produced by the transducer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <strong>booster<\/strong>, which is optional and placed between the transducer and the sonotrode. It serves to amplify mechanical vibration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Use of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers at High Frequencies<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High-frequency <strong>transducers<\/strong> are made from a <strong>single ceramic<\/strong>, either homogeneous or piezo-composite. For measurement purposes, <strong>matching layers<\/strong> are used to optimize energy transfer into the propagation medium. The entire transducer is then protected by a membrane that is acoustically transparent to the signal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>High-frequency power transducers<\/strong> are being developed for various therapeutic medical applications.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][mk_page_section section_id=&#8221;conditionnementsdesignaux&#8221; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753705619542{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Electronics<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High-Power Ultrasound<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An ultrasound device consists of power electronics suitable for the transducer. The generator power supply is created using a network supply. For medium-range power, some of our generators are supplied with voltages that are as low as 24 VDC.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The generator has two major roles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Conversion of a network voltage into a voltage suitable<\/strong>for the transducer (which can exceed 1kV). Controlling this voltage enables the power delivered to the transducer to be controlled. There are many strategies for controlling the equipment correctly. These\u00a0very much\u00a0depend on the the application. Our generators can be adapted to the different issues posed by the application.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Conversion of the network frequency to the resonance frequency<\/strong>of the transducer. The transducer supplies its optimal power when it is at its resonance (or antiresonance)\u00a0frequency. The electronics should therefore be able to control the frequency of the transducer which the environment varies depending on the medium. There are many strategies for controlling the equipment correctly. These very much depend on the application.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Power generators can supply from\u00a0 a few W up to 5 kWatts. \u00a0Power transducers for welding are often limited to 3kW &#8211; 4kW, during very short excitation\u00a0periods. For applications in fluids, such as cleaning, the transducer power is around several dozen kW. In these applications, the transducers are mounted in groups.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Our current range of <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sinaptec.fr\/EN\/NexTgen-platform-9.html\">NexTgen<\/a>\u00a0equipment is entirely numeric. The control functionality has been developed to ensure superior performance efficiency. They are to be used with an Ethernet connection to enable the \u00ab\u00a0remote control\u00a0\u00bb functionality by means of which our customer care people can run diagnostics and updates from a distance.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][mk_page_section section_id=&#8221;bibliography&#8221; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1699537663216{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\n<h3>Bibliographical Notes:<\/h3>\n<p><em>Power ultrasonics: Applications of high-intensity Ultrasound: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gallego-Juarez and Karl F.Graff \u2013 WOODHEAD PUBLISHING<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Handbook on Application of Ultrasound \u2013 Sonochemistry and Sustainability: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Dong Chen, Sanjay K. Sharma, Ackmez Mudhoo \u2013 CRC Press<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sonochemistry: From Basic Principles to Innovative Applications<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Juan Carlos Colmenares, Gregory Chatel &#8211; Springer<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Applications, Third Edition:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Dale Ensminger, Leonard J.Bond<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>La cavitation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/perso.imt-mines-albi.fr\/~louisnar\/CAVITATION\/ultrasons.html\"><strong>https:\/\/perso.imt-mines-albi.fr\/~louisnar\/CAVITATION\/ultrasons.html<\/strong><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[mk_page_section bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; min_height=&#8221;50&#8243; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][mk_padding_divider size=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753704055015{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]The performance of ultrasonic equipment\u2014thanks to advancements in electronics, design tools, and a better understanding of materials\u2014offers new possibilities for the use of ultrasound in industry.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][mk_page_section padding_top=&#8221;00&#8243; section_id=&#8221;effetpiezo&#8221; sidebar=&#8221;sidebar-1&#8243;][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753704283013{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;] The Piezoelectric Effect: Definition and Origin Although a number of principles can be used to generate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12052,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8206","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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